SAQ will not be able to air, due to technical issues.
Posted by Mike Terry on June 06, 2022 at 10:32:34.
Re: SWL Call
Not a bad idea at all Ray ;-)
EDJ Short hop to K5MO
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 01, 2022 at 13:32:20.
2022-06-01 12:48 WA1EDJ 13.555372 -26 0 EM83 0.005 K5MO-1 FM05 429 58 2 4
A five-fer
Posted by John K5MO on June 02, 2022 at 18:04:17.
https://i.imgur.com/SDaJ5J2.jpg
22M is delivering today in the heat of summer! I see at least 5 QRSS signals here + WSPR
John
Re: A five-fer
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 02, 2022 at 19:24:36.
In reply to A five-fer posted by John K5MO on June 02, 2022
Yes! I've seen you spotting my WSPR both days. 492km.
What RX is on 22m?
Your 10m grabber was really showing lines and WSPR earlier today. Clamed down now.
Must have been band opening?
Bob Re: A five-fer
EDJ
Posted by Andy G0FTD on June 03, 2022 at 09:05:52.
In reply to Re: A five-fer posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 02, 2022
Not sure if emails reaching John.
This week I've been noticing 22m signals pop up on WA5DJJ / KL7L and
of course your grabber in what is still darkness hours your side.
Propagation seems to occur more frequently than one would usually
imagine. Not just a daytime band.
Of course this is all helped by having 24/7 grabbers of late from
your good self and a few others.
73 de Andy
Re: A five-fer
Posted by John Davis on June 03, 2022 at 10:39:40.
In reply to Re: A five-fer posted by Andy G0FTD on June 03, 2022
"Not just a daytime band" is true at this season most years, and occasionally at other seasons as well.
Much of the rest of the year, late morning to mid-afternoon works best because MUF is often not high enough in hours of darkness; but in summer, and especially with current levels of solar flux, sometimes the MUF is so high that 22 m is on the back side of the slope from the OWF/FOT point far enough to suffer excess attenuation in peak daylight hours. That effect is less notable at amateur power levels, where QRP can be 30 dB greater than the maximum radiation limit for non-licensed operation.
(One could argue that hams have become spoiled by being able to measure power in watts, and that's the reason they approach 22 m beaconing with what often seems like sloppy disregard for bandwidth, frequency stability, need for antenna omnidirectionality, etc. What's "good enough" at 200 mW to 5 W may be OK on 20 meters. But at Part 15 levels, every decibel and every Hz matters when one is working so close to the noise floor.)
Thus, evenings are often better than noon, and sometimes F-layer paths stay open all night. And sporadic-E is not just a daytime phenomenon, either, for that matter. K5MO short hop to USC
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 03, 2022 at 14:26:19.
John K5MO - What distance is Pat USC and LCSC from your QTH? I've seen Pat showing up on your HiFER grabber frequently lately. We have had some fronts sweeping through
the south lately.
Bob Re: A five-fer
EDJ
Posted by Andy G0FTD on June 03, 2022 at 14:34:11.
In reply to Re: A five-fer posted by John Davis on June 03, 2022
All agreed JD.
My experience of F2 on say 20m (from a half decent location)
has always shown that the band can be open pretty much 24 hours a day
(subject to seasonal and solar activity).
Sporadic E can be 24 hours too, or small openings can occur at any time
at all.
I did a long term observation of 10m band G signals to southern Spain last year
and wrote up my findings in 74! Compendium here -
https://qsl.net/g0ftd/other/misc/74%20-%20Knights%20QRSS%20Winter%20Compendium%202021.pdf
This year's season appears to have started late.
Normally I observe the season starting to open in the second week of May,
but this year the door started to open, but not very far.
Only in the last few days does it appear to be starting (assuming it's not
a false start).
74 de Andy
Re: K5MO short hop to USC
Posted by John K5MO on June 03, 2022 at 16:43:28.
In reply to K5MO short hop to USC posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 03, 2022
Hi Bob
Looks like USC is about 220 miles directly and LCSC maybe 240 (I'm just trying to estimate the straight line path from a road map on the web). Pretty darned close.
I'm still using the Kiwi at the moment, just testing the stability of this configuration. Your HW receiver is here to swap in the next time I'm down.
The only gotcha in this setup (Kiwi's feeding both QRSSPiG and WSPRdaemon) is that apparently there's a memory leak in the version of Bash I'm using, and I need to restart the system every week or 10 days to free memory. Not a big deal but unfortunate for an otherwise tidy configuration.
I seem to be snagging you on WSPR pretty well these days too :-)
6.78 MHz ISM Band?
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 03, 2022 at 17:32:10.
This question is floating around the KnightsQRSS group. I don't know the answer,
I'm sure JD does.
Is 6.78 MHz an ISM band we can use? Paul W1VLF brought this up on the Knights list.
I feel this may have been discussed in the past but if it is a viable ISM allocation,
I'd think we'd be all over it?
TNX! Re: 6.78 MHz ISM Band?
Bob
WA1EDJ
Posted by John Davis on June 03, 2022 at 23:41:14.
In reply to 6.78 MHz ISM Band? posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 03, 2022
...I'd think we'd be all over it...
Indeed we would! Those wily Canadians have access to it for unlicensed operation under RSS-210 with the same radiated signal limits as 22 meters, but the FCC has not seen fit to do the same under Part 15 here. It is one of those ISM allocations that is not a Part 15 alternative provisions band, and I do not know the FCC's reasons.
In the US of A, we're stuck with the general field strength limit for HF at that spot, which is an anemic 30μV/m at 30 meters from the antenna (except where §15.223 applies, which is bandwidth dependent and works out to even less intensity at QRSS bandwidths). Taking the most optimistic ratio of field intensities between 44 m and 22 m, and squaring it to get the power ratio, we get:
(30/15848)2 = (0.00182983)(30/15848)2 = 0.000003583859
Multiplying that ratio by the 4.7 mW generally accepted 22 m input to a free space dipole gives us a whopping 16.842 nanowatts. Sigh.
John
2 beacons this morning
Posted by Steve VA3SC beacon on June 04, 2022 at 11:38:48.
In reply to Re: 6.78 MHz ISM Band? posted by John Davis on June 03, 2022
11:25 UTc this morning (June 4th) I'm hearing ID's from beacon 'RF' and a new one for me, one IDing as 'FL Pie/b'. Both very close in frequency, on or about 13.565.5 MHz weak but steady at this time.
13.55957 dotter
Posted by K2TGR on June 04, 2022 at 23:07:22.
Captured this very strong "dotter" today on 13.55957. At first I thought it was a piece of gear in the house or nearby, but I've ruled that out. It also fades in and out.
Audio: https://u.pcloud.link/publink/show?code=XZwDUzVZXPaqUmaBBXmDy8up75gs6h4GCVR7
Screenshot: https://u.pcloud.link/publink/show?code=XZlDUzVZCuzznjyq82JbkOCA0zShGpemRKhk
Changing 'Subject' Lines When Posting a New Topic
Posted by Webmaster on June 05, 2022 at 22:59:15.
Short version: Please don't.
Instead, use the Write New Message tool atop the main page of the board to start a new thread.
Some folks have been starting completely new topics by simply filling in the Post Followup form of an existing message, but changing the Subject line. The original WWWBoard software allowed this shortcut in case someone wanted to branch the discussion to a topic related to the theme of the original thread, without breaking the thread entirely. Example:
Original - Re: What's the Power Limit Below 13.553 or Above 13.557 MHz?
Branched - How do I measure power there? (Was: Re: What's the Power Limit ...)
That is a valid use, but changing the subject entirely causes a number of problems. Among them:
* Every subsequent post in the supposed "new" thread gets a link posted to it in every message from the original, authentic thread. Mixing topics in the same thread wastes readers' time.
* That fact, in turn, also makes if even harder to separate new posts from the original thread when board cleanup is required. That wastes a lot of MY time (not that big a deal), but I also recently discovered that it sometimes results in accidental deletion of useful content from the active message list--a definite big deal!
* And The Real Biggie: This is something board spammers do, apparently thinking they can trick our other anti-spam protections that way. (That's not how they occasionally succeed. I have since blocked the actual new route they were using to weasel in, and I have no intention of bragging about how I did it. But when they eventually figure it out anyway, then I will have to completely block ALL options to change the Subject line from followup posts...plus whatever additional measures may be required.)
Blocking Subject changes requires only a few keystrokes. If (when) it becomes necessary, it will be done immediately, without time for any further notice. And, I have several options for how the board will respond to the attempt.
So please, limit modification of the Subject line in followup posts to creating related sub-threads only. Use the Write New Message link on the main board page to create new threads.
And if someday the board suddenly accuses you of being a low, devolved life form, don't take it personally. You'll know it's merely had to be upgraded to deal with new spam attempts.
John SAQ will not be able to air, due to technical issues.
Posted by Mike Terry on June 06, 2022 at 10:32:34.
Harold Kuhl shares this news on the BDXC group:
Here's the official text about the Alexanderson Day 2022. We are sorry to inform you that SAQ will not be able to air, due to technical issues. Instead, we would like to encourage the listeners to watch on our YouTube channel, https://www.youtube.com/c/AlexanderSAQ, where we will livestream two transmitter startups, with in depth technical information about SAQ. daytime western hifer
Kind regards,
Fredrik Wiklund / Alexander association
Posted by swlem3 on June 06, 2022 at 14:39:20.
Not sure if today's daytime copy (a couple decodes so far) of western wspr2 hifer KG7BZ is due to good propagation or if it's due to recent improvements in my antenna system. Previously, I was copying this hifer only after sunset. Just fyi...
Ray
Re: daytime western hifer
Posted by John K5MO on June 06, 2022 at 18:05:43.
In reply to daytime western hifer posted by swlem3 on June 06, 2022
Ray,
I've only copied him in the wee hours (0500-0630 UTC) and only infrequently.
I don't think I've had a daytime decode of his Oregon signal. That's a good snag during the day.
John
Re: daytime western hifer
Posted by swlem3 on June 06, 2022 at 18:53:23.
In reply to Re: daytime western hifer posted by John K5MO on June 06, 2022
FB John on the wee hour copy. If I had to guess, I think it was probably just good prop that extended a bit more into the morning. I had no further copy after these two decodes. Just happened to be in the right place at the right time, I guess.
73 John,
Ray
2022-06-06 14:20 KG7BZ 13.555449 -29 0 CN84pk 0.005 SWLEM3 EM03rf 2422 113 2 2022-06-06 14:00 KG7BZ 13.555449 -27 0 CN84pk 0.005 SWLEM3 EM03rf 2422 113 2
Re: daytime western hifer
He was doing well here in SE Kansas late last night too, up to about 11 PM. I had to pack up and abandon the farm shortly thereafter, due to approaching storms.
Re: daytime western hifer
Posted by swlem3 on June 07, 2022 at 02:03:45.
In reply to Re: daytime western hifer posted by John Davis on June 06, 2022
Sounds like good propagation was there all night and into the mid-morn John.
Ray
Re: New Beacon
Posted by John Davis on June 07, 2022 at 16:13:30.
In reply to New Beacon posted by Bmell on May 27, 2022
Finally copied PIE/B FL last night at 9:30 PM CDT in EM27kc. Shortly after I parked on the frequency, I began hearing fragments of code 200 Hz higher (which never did become clear enough to copy), and then the target signal. Even after it faded up enough to hear, the message was too long to copy in a single pass because of the short-term QSB that afflicts the band at times, but eventually I was able to decipher the whole thing.
I made a recording of both signals in hopes of posting a clip here, and then applying some post-processing to maybe extract the other signal. Unfortunately, the notebook computer I use in the field failed catastrophically in the wee hours of morning before I could transfer the night's captures! I suspect the trouble may be defective RAM affecting the graphics chip. If so, I can possibly recover the night's work from the HDD at the local computer shop. We'll see.
Re: PLM Returns
Posted by John Davis on June 08, 2022 at 00:58:59.
In reply to PLM Returns posted by John Davis on May 31, 2022
As half-heartedly promised in the previous post in this thread. I'm advising PLM has changed modes. Last night it was in somewhat tilty QRSS with ID+dash, about 15 Hz lower than the CW version.
FWLIW, the only other stations making any serious inroads to Kansas at the time were all from the Northeast and the Southeast.
John, the Dancing DX Monkey
Re: PLM Returns
Posted by John Davis on June 10, 2022 at 06:33:59.
In reply to Re: PLM Returns posted by John Davis on June 08, 2022
Am I the only one who's EVER heard this one? I;m reasonably sure it's not my imagination, with evidence like the attached.
Above is the view from Monday night of this week, finally recovered from the crashed field computer. Just 24 hours before, it was still CW ID + dash like the Memorial Day weekend (MP3 file and visual capture also attached).
John the DX Oompaloompa
---------------------------------------------------------------
File Attachment 1: PLM2022e.mp3
File Attachment 2: 6june004.gif
File Attachment 3: 30may009.gif
Re: PLM Returns
JD,
I’ve copied PLM here in Maine in previous years. Haven’t been listening lately, though. If I recall correctly, it came in best here during Es activity. Tuned around this morning with my brand-new Elecraft K4D, and heard the usual watering hole activity, nothing from PLM. Whadda receiver, by the way!
JA
Antenna change at YSO
Posted by Jim, AJ8S on June 10, 2022 at 16:31:30.
The antenna at YSO on 13563.5 MHz has been changed from a horizontal end-fed half-wave to a vertical end-fed half-wave. Any signal reports will be appreciated as always. 73
Re: Antenna change at YSO
Posted by Zeak on June 10, 2022 at 18:24:23.
In reply to Antenna change at YSO posted by Jim, AJ8S on June 10, 2022
YSO, from this location at 1805Z, 13563.5MHz your signal was 459 with very deep QSB troughs which lasted 10's of seconds.
Zeak,
Receiver KiwiSDR
Ant (s): 80m dipole at 15m and 1m Loop
Location: DM12
Re: PLM Returns
Posted by swlem3 on June 11, 2022 at 01:39:04.
In reply to Re: PLM Returns posted by John Davis on June 10, 2022
Nope, you're not the only one. :-)
www.dropbox.com/s/v1m8xf0dmqnoy1d/plm1.jpg?dl=0
Re: daytime western hifer
Posted by August KG7BZ on June 11, 2022 at 03:49:59.
In reply to Re: daytime western hifer posted by swlem3 on June 07, 2022
Glad to see it's being heard! I'm really happy with the Ultimate 3S, being steady on freq with the GPS calibration. Solar powered it just keeps WSPRing along.
August KG7BZ
Re: Antenna change at YSO
Posted by John Davis on June 11, 2022 at 05:19:54.
In reply to Antenna change at YSO posted by Jim, AJ8S on June 10, 2022
When did the new antenna go into service, Jim? I probably won't get another chance to listen until early next week, but the last time I did (9:28 PM CDT last Sunday) YSO was going nicely in Kansas.
Re: PLM Returns
Posted by John Davis on June 11, 2022 at 05:23:09.
In reply to Re: PLM Returns posted by swlem3 on June 11, 2022
At last, I've finally got two other people sharing my delusion. ;-)
Great capture, Ray.
Re: daytime western hifer
Posted by swlem3 on June 11, 2022 at 13:03:39.
In reply to Re: daytime western hifer posted by August KG7BZ on June 11, 2022
You made it into Texas again this morning August... well after sunrise, 7:40 a.m local time.Good job with the hardware and solar power too!
Re: Antenna change at YSO
(PRE without close)2022-06-11 12:40 KG7BZ 13.555449 -29 0 CN84pk 0.005 SWLEM3 EM03rf
Posted by Jim, AJ8S on June 11, 2022 at 20:37:13.
In reply to Re: Antenna change at YSO posted by John Davis on June 11, 2022
The new antenna went into service at ~1600 on June 10, 2022. Thank you Zeak and John for your comments. 73
WSPR reporting
Posted by Ed Holland on June 12, 2022 at 02:44:15.
Hi Folks,
I have at last configured my WSJT-x to report spots, and cannow be seen on WSPRNET as SWLCM897VI. All seems to be working, and the map shows the receiving station, and the recent spots.
Thanks to all who offered pointers on getting this functionality working. I was absolutely convinced (at first) that a ham call was needed!
Cheers, 73 and good DX
Ed
Re: WSPR reporting
Posted by John Davis on June 12, 2022 at 05:46:31.
In reply to WSPR reporting posted by Ed Holland on June 12, 2022
SWLCM897VI ?
AOR LA 400
Posted by Robert SP7RB on June 12, 2022 at 10:00:28.
Hi. Does anyone have and use the AOR LA 400 antenna to receive the long wave band? How does AOR work in this band? Re: WSPR reporting
Robert
Posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022 at 13:21:34.
In reply to WSPR reporting posted by Ed Holland on June 12, 2022
Ed, just in my humble opinion, you may wish to shorten the call to SWLCM89. It doesn't hurt anything in the wsprnet system, but the full call takes up a fair amount of "real estate" on their maps. See what you think by comparing the calls of those near you on the visual maps with your call being displayed.
Ray
Re: AOR LA 400
Posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022 at 14:07:20.
In reply to AOR LA 400 posted by Robert SP7RB on June 12, 2022
I haven't used it, but looking at it's high price, a much better choice would be the L-400B from LF Engineering. It's an e-probe type antenna.
Ray
Re: WSPR reporting
Posted by Ed Holland on June 12, 2022 at 15:53:06.
In reply to Re: WSPR reporting posted by John Davis on June 12, 2022
Large fingers strike (multiple keys) again..
That should be SWLCM87VI
Ray - I do see what you mean. Will give some thought to an edit to shorten the call.
Re: WSPR reporting
Posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022 at 18:43:56.
In reply to Re: WSPR reporting posted by Ed Holland on June 12, 2022
Ok Ed. I think the 4-digit locator would take up less map space and be fine.
Ray
short skip wspr2 decode
Posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022 at 18:51:51.
Think that this KG5ZDA wspr2 decode is a new one for me. I'm surprised to have copied this hifer station at this distance.
2022-06-12 16:54 KG5ZDA 13.555496 -19 0 EM12qw 0.2 SWLEM3 EM03rf 181
Ray ... Airspy HF+ Discovery w/ 20ft. wire low-noise vertical tree wire.
p.s. I see you also copied this station today, Ed.
Re: AOR LA 400
Posted by John Davis on June 12, 2022 at 21:16:32.
In reply to Re: AOR LA 400 posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022
Ray's right, that is an awfully high price for no larger an antenna than it is. It does more or less work work at LF, based on a couple of YouTube videos I've seen, one of which is linked here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN7l1MVKvZg
However, the only LF example shown in this one is RTE on 252 kHz as received in the UK, which is not a particularly remarkable feat. And, I have an innate bias against antenna makers who use the term "magnetic loop" inaccurately, not to mention the bogus history of it that AOR's website offers.
The first question I'd ask myself is whether I really need a loop antenna or not. If you have sufficient room outdoors and only average noise sources to contend with, one like the LF Engineering active whip Ray recommends might be a better (and certainly less expensive) choice. If you're stuck having to use an antenna indoors, or even outdoors but with noise sources that are going to need directional nulling, then you may indeed need a loop.
If you do, the next step on the decision tree is, tuned or untuned? The AOR does offer remote tuning, but that's also one reason for the price--plus, you may also need the (optional, extra cost) extension cables, depending on where you plan to locate the loop itself. Retuning for each new frequency gets old pretty quickly. If you've got strong local mediumwave broadcasters, you may require a tuned antenna to prevent intermodulation products from wiping out parts of the longwave spectrum. If not, then I'd strongly consider an untuned amplified loop.
One very good untuned loop is the Wellbrook ALA1530AL. (Although I also take exception to their erroneous description of a loop responding "mainly to the Magnetic Field." That is not how they work.) It's physically over three times the diameter of the AOR, 1 metre (in Brit-spelling) instead of 1 foot, for ten times the capture area. Unlike the AOR, it can be mounted outdoors...for instance, on a balcony railing or a fence post. It costs roughly a third less, too, so if it's not physically too large for your installation, I'd look into it if I needed a loop.
https://www.wellbrook.uk.com/loopantennas/ALA1530AL
John
Re: short skip wspr2 decode
Posted by John K5MO on June 13, 2022 at 12:36:11.
In reply to short skip wspr2 decode posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022
New one for me too. I just got one decode:
2022-06-13 00:34 KG5ZDA 13.555477 -26 0 EM12qw 0.2 K5MO-1 FM05 1639 75 2
Excellent 22 m propagation yesterday (Sunday)
Posted by Andy G0FTD on June 13, 2022 at 17:17:06.
I fired up my Raspberry Pi Grab-O-Matic on 22m via a remoted
SDR in Ottawa and saw some great signals.
The last grab is still viewable on my page for a while.
https://qsl.net/g0ftd/grabber.htm
Hopefully some of you will see yourselves there.
74 de Andy
Bunn
Posted by Pat on June 13, 2022 at 18:16:21.
Just noticed LCSC on the K5MO grabber at about 2:15 EST today. That's a pretty short haul.
Pat Re: short skip wspr2 decode
N4LTA
Posted by swlem3 on June 13, 2022 at 19:04:41.
In reply to short skip wspr2 decode posted by swlem3 on June 12, 2022
Good on the decode also John... and at a much greater distance than I have. I'm decoding ZDA multiple times today, so it appears it won't be an anomaly here like I thought it would be, as far as my short distance from that station is concerned.
Ray
Re: Bunn
Posted by John K5MO on June 13, 2022 at 21:48:43.
In reply to Bunn posted by Pat on June 13, 2022
https://imgur.com/kFsJDvj
EDJ QRSS QRV today
There's a nice group picture :-)
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 14, 2022 at 13:33:44.
I may be QRMing USC on 13.555 400. My freq looks about +15Hz from where my WSPR was
which should put me 555 385 or 390? Have not had a chance to put a counter on it.
Take a look, if I need to move, advise. I believe I've spotted fragments of EDJ on
K5MO-HiFER. We've had some short hop into John lately so I decided to crank up the QRSS machine.
TNX! Re: New Beacon
Bob
EDJ
EM83du
Posted by BMell on June 14, 2022 at 14:14:49.
In reply to Re: New Beacon posted by John Davis on June 07, 2022
Thanks for the report. Receive freq kinds depends on CW tone off set. You are broadside to the dipole. Want to try a ground plane later with another beacon and compare signals. Added the FL as when looking for amateur beacons the grid area save the look up. Bruce
EDJ QRSS making K5MO this morning short hop
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 15, 2022 at 14:19:24.
Checking the QRSS grabber compendium, a recent frame showed EDJ clear enough to ID.
Short hops from EM83du to K5MO seem to happen late morning these day.
Only 294KM to John's QTH.
I checked the freq with a good counter and looks like 13.555 385. Agrees with K5MO displayed freq.
Bob Re: AOR LA 400
EDJ
EM83du
Posted by Ed Holland on June 15, 2022 at 20:22:20.
In reply to Re: AOR LA 400 posted by John Davis on June 12, 2022
It seems to me that the AOR loop is a product in search of an application. One wonders how well it can manage the specified range up to 500 MHz. It does appear physically challenged for LF..
And yes, the term "magnetic"... It's something I need to read up on again, but from what I've learned so far from theory and experience is that a tuned loop actually has a very high impedance (unloaded), and great sensitivity to nearby objects. It is almost the ultimate short dipole
Now, a ferrite rod antenna is a different animal. It's cross section is increased due to the high magnetic permeability of the core. More nearly a "magnetic antenna"? But what about an air core multi-turn loop?
"Magnetic" Loops (was Re: AOR LA 400)
Sorry for the topic drift
Posted by John Davis on June 16, 2022 at 05:05:35.
In reply to Re: AOR LA 400 posted by Ed Holland on June 15, 2022
The first problem with the term "magnetic loop" is that no two people seem to use it to mean the same thing. One that halfway makes any kind of sense is the case where a resonant loop is inductively coupled to a feedline through a smaller loop within the plane of the main loop.
One thing it definitely does NOT mean, however, is that a loop antenna "responds only" (or primarily or preferentially or any other qualifier) "to the magnetic component of the received signal," as one so often sees egregiously misstated. That's a blatant physical impossibility.
One explanation of this hard reality can be found at:
www.w8ji.com/magnetic_receiving_loops.htm
The text is both theoretically and empirically accurate, if a bit confusing to follow and possibly dwelling on the "field impedance" concept a bit too much. One would do well to ignore the bottom three fourths of the page which deals with examples, as many of these are needlessly confusing and therefore potentially misleading. The essential points--and ones which tie Maxwell in with quantum electrodynamics too--are:
* Forces which exist between stationary charged regions are electric fields, which diminish rapidly with distance.
* Forces exerted between moving charges are magnetic fields, which also fall off rapidly with distance.
* Forces created by the acceleration and deceleration of charges, and which in turn can cause other charges to accelerate and decelerate through forces that diminish in inverse proportion to distance, are propagating electromagnetic waves.
In quantum terms, the first two are manifestations of the action of photons exchanged between the particles at short range and for short time intervals, and hence are termed "virtual photons." The process of charge acceleration (and other physical phenomena not described by Maxwell, but later explained by relativity and QCD) results in the emission of "real" photons, ones which are not confined to a local "prisoner exchange" but which are free to travel through space forever, unless or until they encounter a willing and receptive charged particle to interact with...hopefully, for RF, an electron in an antenna wire into which it can impart its tiny packet of energy.
In Maxwellian terms, propagating EM waves are inseparable; if you stop the alternating electric field, you stop the associated magnetic one, and vice-versa. In quantum terms, there are no such things as "electric photons" or "magnetic photons," just virtual or real ones, which is itself merely a question of how long they remain in existence.
In practice, all antennas produce all three effects in one proportion or another. But it is totally irrelevant to the way in which they work as radiators or receptors of EM waves whether they have disproportionately greater electric or magnetic near field energy. A loop under some circumstances may be more receptive to locally generated near field magnetic QRM sources than electric ones, but its response to desired EM waves has nothing to do with filtering out "bad" electric fields and responding only to "good" magnetic fields.
By the same token, active whips also receive both components of an EM wave, not just the "e" component. And anyone who elevates one several meters in the air certainly has no "probe," either.
Re: "Magnetic" Loops (was Re: AOR LA 400)
Posted by Ed Holland on June 16, 2022 at 20:14:38.
In reply to "Magnetic" Loops (was Re: AOR LA 400) posted by John Davis on June 16, 2022
Hi John,
Nicely put! It certainly agrees with my (physics) education. I'm familiar with the W8JI pages, and used resources here to learn a lot of useful pointers in the use of isolation transformers in receive aerial circuits.
Back to "physically small" antennas. This is a term that I like, and one that seems to have pretty universal acceptance in meaning <0.1 wavelengths. Active circuits, high Q factors, coupling loops and other techniques are simply means of dealing with the curious and often extreme impedance characteristics they exhibit. I've tinkered with small loops, and find them rather fun. A few years ago, I ran some 22m beacon receive tests with a ramshackle 3ft (per side, 12 ga wire) square resonant loop. Despite casual placement, it showed useful performance. It's something I should repeat now conditions are better -at least with 22m, there's no need to retune it! I also used it to transmit PVC while monitoring from a 1-2 mile distance. It definitely "got out", radiation pattern notwithstanding. More quantitative methods to compare to the regular dipole were not explored.
There is a lot of confusion about electromagnetic response, and the sensitivity to simple magnetic and electric fields, as you point out. This perhaps culminated in the fallacy of the "Crossed Field" antenna which attempted to synthesize EM waves by superimposing electric and magnetic fields. Only accelerating charges radiate EM waves
Anyway, excellent discussion - Thank you!
73
Ed
LCSC Very clear on K5MO Browser now
Posted by Pat Bunn on June 17, 2022 at 18:20:25.
LCSC is strong on the K5MO browser now at 2:15 EDT on 6/17/2022
Straight line distance is 242 miles.
USC on K5MO Grabber
Posted by Pat Bunn on June 18, 2022 at 16:08:59.
USC is showing up this morning on the K5MO Grabber, Distance is 169 miles. Pretty short!
HeFr doing well today
Posted by John K5MO on June 18, 2022 at 16:18:14.
A nice group photo! Good job to all the ops.
https://i.imgur.com/EjBv9Mb.jpg
This Weekend So Far - Fri PM
Everything was offline for a bit last night, as we had a big storm come though here that played havoc with power, IP addressed got changed, etc. Sorry 'bout that!
Posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022 at 16:24:46.
Started this weekend's monitoring from the field after supper last night. At the watering hole, in descending order, I could see LCSC, EH, NC, KG7BZ/SHO, USC walking all over a WSPR signal that was probably NI5F, snippets of FSK that were too broken to identify at that time, MTI, a strong triangle wave from VLF, and a couple of faint WSPR traces, one of which may have been KG5ZDA and the other was probably W8AC.
About an hour after sunset I decided to scan the band for CW, and caught WV, one that may or may not have been "PIE/B FL" (if so, several Hz lower than the previous time), KAH, possible RVA, and definite WAS on 13566.215 at 10:02 PM CDT. It started out only faintly visible, which is how most of my copy of it has been for many months, but became nicely audible. It was still so hot that I finally packed up and came home for the night.
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022 at 17:24:13.
In reply to This Weekend So Far - Fri PM posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022
The orgy of stations right on 13555.400 is truly becoming unseemly.
Returning to the field about 9 AM, WV was not audible or visible, but NDB2 soon boomed in. PLM was back in CW mode with its long dash between IDs. Nobody above mid-band was visible or audible.
The center of the "clustering hole" looked like total chaos when I first tuned there. No stations from the West were making it in yet, but the usual suspects from the East were crammed together with particularly good short propagation from Illinois today.
LCSC, EH, and NC were fine where they were, and SIW slant was in the clear, too. But oh, poor .400!
After sifting through the traces forensically, it appears NI5F could coexist peacefully with K3SIW if the former would either QSY upward by a couple Hz, or else better coordinate transmission schedules with the original occupant of the frequency. SZX was good this morning, and is now just barely far enough below SIW that their QRSS segments are well clear of each other. Their WSPR schedules may already be well enough coordinated to prevent collisions. But sadly, USC is positioned right where it obliterates any chance of copying all three of those WSPR-ers here, even if the computer in question could handle WSJT.
The slow FSK signal that was broken last night resolved into EDJ this morning. It is wedged snugly between SZX on the high side and MTI on the low side, but is stable enough in frequency that it hasn't caused undue QRM so far as I can see.
The VLF triangle was visible at times, but less strong than last night, and there were hints of maybe-W8AC.
Re: HeFr doing well today
Posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022 at 17:34:55.
In reply to HeFr doing well today posted by John K5MO on June 18, 2022
Nice group there, John. Remember, if you include your tripcode (hashtag followed by your Authenticated Author password) in the Name box when posting, the URL of the capture would automatically convert to a live link.
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by John K5MO on June 18, 2022 at 23:12:14.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022
Thanks for the nice write-up John. It's a good thing that there's lots of traffic on these days.
Bruce mentioned on the qrssknights that he cut power to below 2mW for the triangle, but he's still doing a good job to here in NC.
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by Pat Bunn on June 19, 2022 at 17:37:38.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022
USC is not easily moved in frequency. Maybe it is best to cut it off?
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by John Davis on June 19, 2022 at 20:39:41.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by Pat Bunn on June 19, 2022
I'd hate to see USC go away entirely. If there's no good way to QSY, though, could it perhaps operate on a time-share arrangement, X number of minutes on, Y number of minutes off?
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by Pat Bunn on June 20, 2022 at 01:56:05.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by Pat Bunn on June 19, 2022
LCSC will be off the air tomorrow morning and USC will be off in the next day or so.
I did not realize that the band is properly coordinated and that my equipment was causing problems. I will put the antenna hardware to better use on the ham bands. Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by zeak on June 20, 2022 at 04:43:18.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by John Davis on June 18, 2022
"But sadly, USC is positioned right where it obliterates any chance of copying all three of those WSPR-ers here, even if the computer in question could handle WSJT."
WHAT?
Copy all three here at various times with no problem at all.
Zeak,
Receiver KiwiSDR
Ant(s): 80m dipole at 15m and 1m Loop
Location: DM12
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by John Davis on June 20, 2022 at 06:32:55.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by Pat Bunn on June 20, 2022
Pat, I'm sorry you have taken offense.
I have never heard of LCSC causing anyone any problems of any kind, but if you want to turn it off for whatever reason, that's your choice alone.
As you well know, this band is NOT coordinated, and all Part 15 devices must accept interference from all other Part 15 devices, so if you want to join the newcomers in a dogpile that mutually obliterates each other on and within a few Hz of 13555.400 you're entirely free to do so. l have no power to stop you. I just never figured that to be your intention.
I've long known you to be an operator who put a lot of care into his radiated signals, and I've been trying to point out the growing conflict tactfully for some months now, to no effect. If I've gone and put my foot in it this time, I apologize to all the affected readers.
But the fact remains, the current pileups do reduce enjoyment of the hobby for some percentage of us who put our own personal time and effort into monitoring, not just leaving it all up to our hardware and software.
It's also something of a slap in the face to those of us who at least try to maintain updated repositories of who's located where on the band if nobody seems to utilize that info when planning new beacons.
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat PM
Posted by John Davis on June 20, 2022 at 08:03:22.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by zeak on June 20, 2022
>>> "WHAT?"
The attached sample from last night is what I see here on a regular basis these days. USC is consistent, being in one of the pipeline zones with respect to my QTH and less than half the distance to SoCal; whereas the Illinoisians are a rarity here except in late spring and summer, when shorter paths tend to open a bit more often. So, it's disappointing not to be able to copy them clearly even then.
This capture is two screens stitched together in time sync. It's not the strongest reception, but it's the only one where all the WSPR stations copied that night appeared in the same nine minute time frame.
Other stations copied after sunset (and up until lightning got as close as the next county after 11 PM CDT) included: WV, PLM, unknowns at the edge of audibiiity at 13563.480 and 13564.730, RF, FRC. 7P, and PIE/B FL at 13564.537 kHz.
---------------------------------------------------------------
File Attachment 1: 18jun069.jpg
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Hi Pat,
Please consider leaving your transmitters on. I always enjoy seeing them rise out of the background. Band conditions usually separate the signals anyway and WSPR stuff always decodes. There's room for all.
John
Future direction of the WM beacon
Posted by Mike N8OOU on June 20, 2022 at 13:19:57.
I have decided to alter the purpose of the WM beacon hardware to point to point remote sensor data exchange. I plan to use the same frequencies and antennas, operating within the Part 15 rules. I know that 13555300 is the bottom few Hz of the new "Official WSPR BAND", collisions could occur.
The information transmitted will be in a proprietary scheme that I am developing. Transmissions will occur between my stations on a periodic basis. Argo will be able to display the transmissions, but what is seen will look like a random pattern. I plan to keep the bandwidth the same as the WM FSKCW ORSS beacon ID.
No reception reporting is being requested or necessary.
Please update the beacon list to either remove WM, or update the transmission content to random - data.
I may on occasion scan the messages on this forum, but direct email will be the best means of contact.
Mike N8OOU 73 SK
Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM
Posted by WA1EDJ Bob on June 20, 2022 at 13:36:40.
In reply to Re: This Weekend So Far - Sat AM posted by Pat Bunn on June 19, 2022
I have no problem with the current USC freq. Thought I was closer but not the case. I can QSY since I use a 5351A TX. It was good to see USC return and
LCSC to join in.
If I need to move, please let me know.
Bob Slices of PIE
EDJ
EM83du
Posted by John Davis on June 22, 2022 at 20:42:06.
Here are clips from the first and the latest audible instances of "PIE/B FL" as copied in SE Kansas. There have been a few others in between, and lots of visual-only sightings of the keying sidebands, many at levels which would have yielded decent QRSS copy.
The June 7 Argo capture illustrates the approximately 2-3 minute QSB cycle that is common to 22 meters at certain times, while the June 19 MP3 is afflicted with the 3-6 second rapid-fading cycle that chopped up the ID into fragments that read like "/B" then "PI /B" and "L" or "FL" and so on. On the 19th I recorded from 2:01 to 2:27 PM CDT, but the minute sampled for attachment here is the only one that included so many recognizable bits of code.
Carrier frequency has generally maintained between 13564.505 and .535 kHz each time I've looked. Receive setup is a Kenwood TS-590 with TXCO reference, fed from the 40-foot top hatted vertical antenna without the usual buffer amp ahead of the coax. (The latter situation precludes LF reception, but that would be poor right now anyway. On the plus side, not having its power inserter in the transmission line route greatly reduces ground loop intrusion of noise from the temporary field computer's charger!)
---------------------------------------------------------------
File Attachment 1: pie19jun.mp3
File Attachment 2: pie-slices.jpg
File Attachment 3: pie7jun.mp3
Snippets From the Left Coast
Below, WSPR samples from 2000Z, Friday until 0600Z Saturday morning, 2021 from the Left Coast. You folks from the other side of the Rockies (with the exception of SHO) start to roll in about 1900Z and as you can see, stay with us for a while. Propagation from east of the Rockies begins to peak up at this location briefly around 0000Z and stays that way until 0250Z.
At just less than a thousand miles and probably Es propagation, SHO’s QRSS signal and that squiggly thinge at 13555357 seems to take the signal strength prize far into the night here, both are very strong signals, certainly in the case of SHO’s more distinctive than WSPR over the same path. Since last December, SHO has been almost a 24/7 copy. Both signals are still banging in here at 0600Z.
UTC dB dT Freq dF Call/Grid km dBm/Pwr 2026 -26 1.0 13.555401 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2046 -26 0.9 13.555406 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2106 -21 1.0 13.555405 -1 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2114 -20 -0.1 13.555394 0 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 2116 -24 1.0 13.555404 -1 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2120 -26 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2126 -26 1.0 13.555407 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2130 -28 0.2 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2136 -22 1.0 13.555404 -4 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2146 -22 1.0 13.555401 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2156 -20 1.0 13.555406 -1 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2200 -17 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2206 -22 1.0 13.555407 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2210 -23 0.2 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2216 -19 1.0 13.555405 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2220 -24 0.2 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2226 -20 1.0 13.555400 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2230 -20 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2230 -28 0.1 13.555329 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 2234 -24 0.0 13.555463 0 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 2236 -23 1.0 13.555402 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2246 -16 0.9 13.555402 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2248 -25 0.1 13.555329 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 2254 -26 -0.1 13.555314 0 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 2256 -21 1.0 13.555406 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2306 -16 1.0 13.555407 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2314 -23 -0.0 13.555445 0 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 2316 -19 1.0 13.555406 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2326 -20 1.0 13.555400 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2336 -19 0.9 13.555403 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2340 -22 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2346 -14 1.0 13.555403 -1 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 2350 -16 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 2356 -19 1.0 13.555407 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0006 -22 1.0 13.555405 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0010 -19 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0014 -26 -0.0 13.555318 0 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 0016 -17 1.0 13.555401 -3 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0026 -17 1.0 13.555401 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0036 -21 0.9 13.555402 -1 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0046 -17 1.0 13.555404 -2 NI5F EM70 3031 7 (5.0 mW) 0114 -22 -0.1 13.555361 1 KG5ZDA EM12 1872 23 (200 mW) 0140 -16 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0150 -21 0.0 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0200 -13 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0210 -16 0.2 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0220 -19 0.2 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0230 -19 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0240 -22 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0250 -23 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0300 -18 0.2 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0300 -26 -0.5 13.555402 0 K3SIW EN52 2669 7 (5.0 mW) 0310 -15 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0310 -27 -0.5 13.555402 0 K3SIW EN52 2669 7 (5.0 mW) 0320 -16 0.2 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0330 -18 0.1 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0332 -25 0.1 13.555329 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0350 -16 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0402 -28 0.0 13.555330 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0406 -27 0.1 13.555330 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0410 -12 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0410 -26 0.1 13.555330 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0418 -27 0.2 13.555329 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0420 -27 0.2 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0424 -29 0.0 13.555329 0 W8AC EN91 3303 7 (5.0 mW) 0430 -23 0.1 13.555449 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0440 -20 0.0 13.555447 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0450 -24 0.1 13.555448 0 KG7BZ CN84 1384 7 (5.0 mW) 0548 -27 1.3 13.555397 0 KA9SZX EN40 2457 7 (5.0 mW)
Zeak,
Receiver KiwiSDR
Ant(s): 80m dipole at 15m and 1m Loop
Location: DM12
Re: Snippets From the Left Coast
Posted by John K5MO on June 27, 2022 at 17:19:11.
In reply to Snippets From the Left Coast posted by Zeak on June 25, 2022
I've contacted the source of those 200mW signals, but not sure it "took".
Re: Snippets From the Left Coast
Posted by Ed Holland on June 27, 2022 at 19:45:27.
In reply to Snippets From the Left Coast posted by Zeak on June 25, 2022
Nice catches Zeak,
Your experience follows what I'm hearing and decoding. SHO is definitely the strong player in the last few weeks.
I hadn't noticed the 200 mW power level, but will check my records. I have WSPR lists from monitoring the last 48 hours (Left Coast Saturday morning to Monday Morning).
Cheers
Ed
EAR transmission
Posted by KD2OM on June 28, 2022 at 14:37:59.
Receiving EAR in FN12gx daytime 6/28/2022
73
Steve KD2OM
WH2XIL 188.2 6WPM & QRSS 12
RF-590A Wellbrook loop
Posted by Warren K2ORS on June 29, 2022 at 00:13:09.
WH2XIL Wayland, MA is transmitting in CW beacon and QRSS on 188.2 kHz. Power is 45W out, antenna is an on-ground dipole. There is a considerable pause between transmissions, so please be patient.
Reports welcome!
Re: EAR transmission
Posted by John Bruce McCreath on June 29, 2022 at 13:28:45.
In reply to EAR transmission posted by KD2OM on June 28, 2022
Hi Steve....thanks for the report on the reception of EAR during the day. That's why I leave it on 24/7/52!
73, J.B., VE3EAR My first MF WSPR logging
Posted by John K5MO on June 30, 2022 at 16:24:41.
I've allocated one of my kiwirecorder/wsprdaemon slots to listening to 470kHz ish wspr and got my first logging the other night.
2022-06-29 04:32 K9KFR 0.475645 -22 0 EN71gg 0.5 K5MO-1 FM05 852 137 2
2022-06-29 04:14 K9KFR 0.475645 -25 0 EN71gg 0.5 K5MO-1 FM05 852 137 2
2022-06-29 04:00 K9KFR 0.475645 -24 0 EN71gg 0.5 K5MO-1 FM05 852 137 2
2022-06-28 05:20 K9KFR 0.475645 -28 0 EN71gg 1 K5MO-1 FM05 852 137 2
This is probably old hat to many of you, but it's remarkable to me that even during the summer, and even just using a 40/20M attic dipole, an IndianaNC link worked at a half watt.
WSPRing thoughts
Posted by Ed Holland on June 30, 2022 at 18:45:37.
I'm interested to try WSPR transmissions, but want to do it the hard way - meaning that just building an "Ultimate kit" or learning Arduino etc., is not a consideration at present.
Since I already have a PC that can output the required audio, I've been thinking about possible approaches to use this as a source. A couple of design criteria come to mind:
1) Output must be suitably stable
2) Output must be frequency adjustable
3) Keep spurious emissions to low level.
One potential method seems promising. Use the phase shift method to make an SSB exciter. Since the WSPR signal is practically a single frequency (a few Hz deviation on 1500Hz), the phase shift network can be very simple compared to those used for voice. The frequency source could be a DDS generator (if clean enough) or something better if required. If necessary (read easier) the exciter could operate at at some lower frequency, and then converted up to 22m. Suitable choice of the exciter frequency could make filtering the mixer image quite straightforward.
Any thoughts on this from team LWCA? Waste of time? Good learning experience? Something missed?
Re: WSPRing thoughts
Posted by Zeak on June 30, 2022 at 20:39:53.
In reply to WSPRing thoughts posted by Ed Holland on June 30, 2022
Look into WsprryPi
https://github.com/8cH9azbsFifZ/WsprryPi
Also, https://www.instructables.com/WSPR-Weak-Signal-Propagation-Reporter-Stand-Alone-/
good places to start gathering ideas on code, math, hardware and complexity.
Zeak,
Re: WSPRing thoughts
Posted by Ed Holland on June 30, 2022 at 21:25:59.
In reply to Re: WSPRing thoughts posted by Zeak on June 30, 2022
Thanks Zeak,
I'll read up, appreciate the links.
Ed
potrzebie